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Myth and Symbol: A Deep Dive into Archetypal Language

Rudolf Bultmann’s Myth and Symbol examines the relationship between mythological language and symbolic expression, primarily within the context of New Testament interpretation, but with broader implications for understanding the nature of religious and cultural narratives. Bultmann argues that myths are not literal accounts of historical events, but rather symbolic expressions of existential truths. He differentiates between myth and symbol, suggesting myth is tied to a specific cosmological worldview that is now obsolete, while symbols point to existential realities that remain relevant regardless of a particular worldview.

Historical / Cultural Context

Published in 1953, this work emerged from the context of liberal Protestant theology and the rise of existentialist philosophy. Bultmann, a key figure in the “Form Criticism” school of biblical scholarship, sought to demythologize the New Testament – not to dismiss its message, but to strip away the mythological framework that he believed obscured its core existential meaning. The mid-20th century saw increasing scrutiny of traditional religious narratives in light of scientific advancements and evolving philosophical perspectives, and Bultmann’s work aimed to reconcile faith with modern thought. The shadow of the Second World War also influenced the work, contributing to the growing exploration of human existence, meaning, and the search for authentic values.

Who This Book Is For

This book is aimed at readers with an interest in religious studies, theology, philosophy, and the history of ideas. While Bultmann’s primary focus is the New Testament, his arguments are relevant to anyone seeking to understand the function of myth and symbol in human culture. It requires a willingness to engage with complex theological and philosophical concepts. It’s particularly valuable for those interested in the psychological dimensions of religious belief and the impact of cultural context on interpretation. The work has been influential in literary theory as well, offering insights into the interpretation of narrative more broadly.

Further Reading

• Mircea Eliade, The Myth of the Eternal Return: Explores the cyclical nature of myth and its role in providing meaning and structure to human experience.
• Carl Jung, Man and His Symbols: Delves into the archetypes and universal symbols found in dreams, myths, and religions.
• Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces: Examines the common narrative structures found in myths from around the world, focusing on the “hero’s journey.”

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